Language

English

Publication Date

3-1-2026

Journal

Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application

DOI

10.1146/annurev-statistics-042324-060005

PMID

42130610

PMCID

PMC13166127

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

5-13-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

Aging research relies on varied statistical methods, and applying these methods appropriately is important for scientific rigor. However, proper use of these statistical techniques is a challenge. We discuss two categories of statistical methods in aging research: (a) emerging methods requiring further validation, including techniques to examine compression of morbidity, maximum lifespan, immortal time bias, molecular aging clocks, and treatment response heterogeneity, and (b) classic and existing methods needing reconsideration and improvement, such as stepwise regression, generalized linear models, methods for accounting for clustering and nesting effects, methods for testing for group differences, methods for mediation and moderation analyses, and nonlinear models. For each method, we review its relevance to aging research, highlight statistical issues, and suggest improvements or alternatives with examples from aging research. We urge researchers to refine traditional approaches and embrace emerging methods tailored to the unique challenges of aging research. This review will help researchers identify and apply sound statistical methods, thereby improving statistical rigor in aging research.

Keywords

aging research, compression of morbidity, data analysis, geroscience, statistical methods, statistical rigor

Published Open-Access

yes

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