Language
English
Publication Date
11-27-2024
Journal
Cell
DOI
10.1016/j.cell.2024.09.036
PMID
39423811
PMCID
PMC12055030
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
5-6-2025
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Author MSS
Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is an abundant lysosomal phospholipid required for degradation of lipids, particularly gangliosides. Alterations in BMP levels are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Unlike typical glycerophospholipids, lysosomal BMP has two chiral glycerol carbons in the S (rather than the R) stereo-conformation, protecting it from lysosomal degradation. How this unusual and yet crucial S,S-stereochemistry is achieved is unknown. Here, we report that phospholipases D3 and D4 (PLD3 and PLD4) synthesize lysosomal S,S-BMP, with either enzyme catalyzing the critical glycerol stereo-inversion reaction in vitro. Deletion of PLD3 or PLD4 markedly reduced BMP levels in cells or in murine tissues where either enzyme is highly expressed (brain for PLD3; spleen for PLD4), leading to gangliosidosis and lysosomal abnormalities. PLD3 mutants associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including risk of Alzheimer's disease, diminished PLD3 catalytic activity. We conclude that PLD3/4 enzymes synthesize lysosomal S,S-BMP, a crucial lipid for maintaining brain health.
Keywords
Lysosomes, Animals, Mice, Monoglycerides, Phospholipase D, Humans, Lysophospholipids, Brain, Phospholipids, Lipid Metabolism, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Exodeoxyribonucleases
Published Open-Access
yes
Recommended Citation
Singh, Shubham; Dransfeld, Ulrich E; Ambaw, Yohannes A; et al., "PLD3 and PLD4 Synthesize S,S-Bmp, a Key Phospholipid Enabling Lipid Degradation in Lysosomes" (2024). Faculty, Staff and Students Publications. 8676.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/baylor_docs/8676