Language

English

Publication Date

2-15-2025

Journal

Vaccine

DOI

10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126689

PMID

39756216

PMCID

PMC12697238

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

12-12-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

Introduction: Pandemic influenza vaccine development focuses on the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen for potency and immunogenicity. Antibody responses targeting the neuraminidase (NA) antigen, or the HA stalk domain have been implicated in protection against influenza. Responses to the NA and HA-stalk domain following pandemic inactivated influenza are not well characterized in humans.

Material and methods: In a series of clinical trials, we determine the vaccines' NA content and demonstrate that NA inhibition (NAI) antibody responses increase in a dose-dependent manner following a 2-dose priming series with AS03-adjuvanted influenza A(H7N9) inactivated vaccine (A(H7N9) IIV). NAI antibody responses also increase with interval extension of the 2-dose priming series or following a 5-year delayed boost with a heterologous adjuvanted A(H7N9) IIV. Neither concomitant seasonal influenza vaccination given simultaneously or sequentially, nor use of heterologous A(H7N9) IIVs in the 2-dose priming series had an appreciable effect on NAI antibody responses. Anti-HA stalk antibody responses were minimal and not durable.

Conclusions: We provide evidence for strategies to improve anti-neuraminidase responses which can be further standardized for pandemic preparedness.

Keywords

Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Adjuvants, Vaccine, Antibodies, Viral, Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, Neuraminidase, Polysorbates, Vaccines, Inactivated

Comments

Clinical trial registry numbers: NCT03312231, NCT03318315, NCT03589807, NCT03738241.

Published Open-Access

yes

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