Author ORCID Identifier

0000-0002-5770-2973

Date of Graduation

12-2017

Document Type

Dissertation (PhD)

Program Affiliation

Immunology

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Advisor/Committee Chair

Shulin Li

Committee Member

Dean Lee

Committee Member

Michael Curran

Committee Member

Gregory Lizee

Committee Member

Annemieke Kavelaars

Committee Member

Silke Paust

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cell education is an essential developmental process for NK cell effector function, that renders some NK cells “licensed” and others “unlicensed” (with heightened or lowered effector function potential, respectively) against tumor and targets lacking self-molecules. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the heightened effector responses of licensed cells remain unknown. Using NK cells derived from humans and expanded ex vivo we performed high-throughput protein expression analysis, and identified multiple proteins that are differentially regulated in licensed and unlicensed human NK cells before and after inhibition by killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and activation by the NKp46 natural cytotoxicity receptor, including several related to cellular metabolic pathways. We explored cellular metabolism in the two subsets and found that licensed NK cells are highly glycolytic, and use glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration for cytolysis of leukemia targets, whereas unlicensed NK cells are dependent on mitochondrial respiration. We determined the metabolic pathways that are necessary for licensed and unlicensed NK cells to elicit a cytolytic response using metabolic inhibitors to inhibit glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration metabolic pathways in the NK cells during a cytotoxicity assay. We observed that licensed NK cells utilize both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration to perform cytolysis whereas unlicensed NK cells only use mitochondrial respiration for their cytolytic response against leukemia targets. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the underlying mechanisms that explain the cytolytic differences between licensed and unlicensed NK cells. Our findings provide a groundbreaking platform to further explore and manipulate metabolism in licensed and unlicensed NK cells to improve NK cell immunotherapy.

Keywords

Natural Killer Cells, KIR, immunology, immunometabolism, metabolism, education, licensing

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.