Screening for Balance in Children and Adults in a Community Science Education Setting: Normative Data, Influence of Age, Sex, and Body Mass Index, and Feasibility

Authors

Phyllis Friello
Nathan Silver
Haleh Sangi-Haghpeykar
Helen S Cohen

Publication Date

1-1-2022

Journal

PLoS One

DOI

10.1371/journal.pone.0268030

PMID

35584130

PMCID

PMC9116616

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

3-18-2022

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Published Open-Access

yes

Keywords

Adult, Body Mass Index, Child, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Postural Balance, Vestibular Diseases, Walking

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Screening standing and walking balance is useful for people suspected of having vestibular disorders, a variety of neurologic and musculoskeletal disorders, and for screening astronauts returning after exposure to microgravity. Visitors to a community science education center children and adults, aged 4 to 85, were tested on tandem walking with eyes closed and the modified Romberg test on compliant foam. They were then asked about their experience participating in research, many people for the first time.

METHODS: Subjects performed 10 steps of tandem walking with eyes closed, and three trials of the modified Romberg, or Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance, with eyes closed, standing on compliant memory foam, with a) head still, b) head shaking in yaw, and c) head nodding in pitch. Afterward, staff queried subjects about the experience of participating in science.

RESULTS: Age-related changes across the life span occurred in both sets of tests. Therefore, look-up tables by age are provided. Body mass index significantly affected tandem walking. Some sex differences were found. The tests were easy to administer in a community setting. Most participants enjoyed the experience and reported that they learned about the process of scientific research.

DISCUSSION: These data support and extend the evidence for age-related changes in balance performance across the lifespan and for an influence of body mass index on some balance skills. Clinicians and sports educators should be cognizant of these differences when they use these tests for screening. The community science education environment provided a useful laboratory in which to collect valid and reliable data, while simultaneously educating participants about the process of science.