Publication Date
10-1-2023
Journal
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
DOI
10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.005
PMID
37739658
PMCID
PMC10518839
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
10-1-2024
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Author MSS
Published Open-Access
yes
Keywords
Child, Humans, Adolescent, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glutamine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Pilot Projects, Methionine, Racemethionine, Arginine, Citrulline, Fabaceae, pediatric diabetes, targeted metabolomics, amino acids, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Metabolic biomarkers with pathophysiological relevance is lacking in pediatric diabetes. We aimed to identify novel metabolic biomarkers in pediatric type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that (1) targeted plasma metabolomics, focused on plasma amino acid concentrations, could identify distinctively altered patterns in children with T1D or T2D, and (2) there are specific changes in concentrations of metabolites related to branch chain amino acids (BCAA) and arginine metabolism in children with T2D.
METHODS: In a pilot study, we enrolled children with T1D (n = 15) and T2D (n = 13), and healthy controls (n = 15). Fasting plasma amino acid concentrations were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography, and compared between the groups after adjustment for confounding factors.
RESULTS: The mean age (SD) of participants was 16.4 (0.9) years. There were no group differences in age, gender, race/ethnicity, or 24-h protein intake. Mean BMI percentile was higher in the T2D than the T1D group or controls (p < 0.001). The T2D group had lower arginine, citrulline, glutamine, glycine, phenylalanine, methionine, threonine, asparagine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) but higher aspartate than controls, after adjusting for BMI percentiles (all p < 0.05). Children with T2D also had lower glycine but higher ornithine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, valine, total BCAA, lysine and tyrosine than those with T1D after adjusting for confounding factors (all p < 0.05). Children with T1D had lower phenylalanine, methionine, threonine, glutamine, tyrosine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and SDMA than controls (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Children with T2D and T1D have distinct fasting plasma amino acid signatures that suggest varying pathogenic mechanisms and could serve as biomarkers for these conditions.
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Endocrine System Diseases Commons, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Commons, Internal Medicine Commons, Medical Sciences Commons, Pediatrics Commons