Publication Date
2-24-2024
Journal
Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal
DOI
10.1186/s12969-024-00960-w
PMID
38395889
PMCID
PMC10893626
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
2-24-2024
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Published Open-Access
yes
Keywords
Adult, Humans, Child, Female, Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Male, Diagnosis, Differential, Fasciitis, Methotrexate, Eosinophilia, Juvenile eosinophilic fasciitis, Juvenile localized scleroderma, Pediatric rheumatology, Autoimmune, Methotrexate
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare disease characterized by skin induration and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Diagnostic criteria for EF are based on adult populations. There is a need to expand the literature on EF in children due to limited reported cases and potential differences compared to adults.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records for six pediatric patients diagnosed with EF at our institution between November 2011 and April 2023. Inclusion criteria required patients to be under 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis and to have confirmed diagnosis through clinical history, imaging, and histology.
RESULTS: Most of our cohort were female (83%) and non-Hispanic white (50%). Age at diagnosis ranged from 4 to 16 years. Duration of symptoms before diagnosis varied from 1 to 12 months. Follow-up periods ranged from 14 to 123 months. Concurrent medical conditions included localized scleroderma, acquired thrombophilia, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Patients presented with progressive painful swelling, severe joint limitations, and positive prayer sign. Initial regimens involved corticosteroids and methotrexate. Hydroxychloroquine, immunoglobulin, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, and tocilizumab were also used depending on the patient's disease severity and course.
CONCLUSIONS: Juvenile EF may manifest as swelling and progressive induration without apparent skin abnormalities. Unlike adult populations, no underlying malignancies or associations with trauma were observed in our cohort. Our cases did not exhibit systemic involvement observed in previous studies on juvenile EF. While non-specific, the prayer sign may aid in early recognition of juvenile EF and help prevent long-term disability.
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