Publication Date
1-1-2022
Journal
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports
DOI
10.1177/2050313X221144208
PMID
36530371
PMCID
PMC9751164
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
12-12-2022
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Published Open-Access
yes
Keywords
Human immunodeficiency virus, pediatrics, immunodeficiency, HIV/AIDS
Abstract
Perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission, while rare in the United States, should be considered in children with a history of recurrent infections, chronic respiratory symptoms and developmental delay. A delayed diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus in children can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. We present a 6-year-old male who presented for evaluation and management of antibiotic refractory chronic cough and purulent nasal secretions, with a history of recurrent bacterial pneumonias and sinus infections, disseminated varicella zoster, and global developmental delay. He likely had perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus. At the time of his human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis, he met the criteria for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and was ultimately diagnosed with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP). Our case illustrates the importance of universal human immunodeficiency virus screening of pregnant women, consideration of human immunodeficiency virus, and the prompt initiation of treatment. We believe this case serves as an important reminder for all medical providers who care for pregnant women and children.