Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Ongoing Challenges from Definitions to Clinical Care

Authors

Sushma Nuthakki
Kaashif Ahmad
Gloria Johnson
Milenka Cuevas Guaman

Publication Date

6-5-2023

Journal

Journal of Clinical Medicine

DOI

10.3390/jcm12113864

PMID

37298058

PMCID

PMC10253815

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

6-5-2023

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Published Open-Access

yes

Keywords

bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), chronic lung disease (CLD), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), gestational age (GA), post-menstrual age (PMA), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), oxygen (O2), ventilator

Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of extreme prematurity. Its etiology is multifactorial and is attributed to genetic susceptibility to prenatal and postnatal factors. As advancements in neonatology have led to the increased survival of premature infants, a parallel increase in the incidence of BPD has occurred. Over time, the definition and diagnostic criteria for BPD have evolved, as have management strategies. However, challenges continue to exist in the management of these infants, which is not surprising given the complexity of the disease. We summarize the key diagnostic criteria and provide insight into the challenges related to various aspects of BPD definitions, data comparisons, and clinical care implementation.