Publication Date

12-1-2024

Journal

PLoS Patogens

DOI

OI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012764

PMID

39693359

PMCID

PMC11654963 D

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

12-18-2024

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Published Open-Access

yes

Keywords

Animals, Trypanosoma cruzi, Mice, Chagas Disease, Protozoan Vaccines, Protozoan Proteins, Antigens, Protozoan, mRNA Vaccines, Humans, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Female, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic, Mice, Inbred C57BL

Abstract

Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. Globally 6 to 7 million people are infected by this parasite of which 20-30% will progress to develop Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy (CCC). Despite its high disease burden, no clinically approved vaccine exists for the prevention or treatment of CCC. Developing vaccines that can stimulate T. cruzi-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and eliminate infected cells requires targeting parasitic antigens presented on major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) molecules. We utilized mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics to investigate which parasitic peptides are displayed on MHC-I of T. cruzi infected cells. Through duplicate experiments, we identified an array of unique peptides that could be traced back to 17 distinct T. cruzi proteins. Notably, six peptides were derived from Tcj2, a trypanosome chaperone protein and member of the DnaJ (heat shock protein 40) family, showcasing its potential as a viable candidate vaccine antigen with cytotoxic T cell inducing capacity. Upon testing Tcj2 as an mRNA vaccine candidate in mice, we observed a strong memory cytotoxic CD8+ T cell response along with a Th1-skewed humoral antibody response. In vitro co-cultures of T. cruzi infected cells with splenocytes of Tcj2-immunized mice restricted the replication of T. cruzi, demonstrating the protective potential of Tcj2 as a vaccine target. Moreover, antisera from Tcj2-vaccinated mice displayed no cross-reactivity with DnaJ in lysates from mouse and human indicating a decreased likelihood of triggering autoimmune reactions. Our findings highlight how immunopeptidomics can identify new vaccine targets for Chagas disease, with Tcj2 emerging as a promising new mRNA vaccine candidate.

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