How Much Did It Cost To Develop and Implement an eHealth Intervention for a Minority Children Population That Overlapped With the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Authors

Alexandra Monashefsky
Dar Alon
Tom Baranowski
Tiago V Barreira
Kelly A Chiu
Amy Fleischman
Melanie C Green
Shirley Huang
Ronald C Samuels
Caio Victor Sousa
Debbe Thompson
Amy S Lu

Publication Date

2-1-2023

Journal

Contemporary Clinical Trials

DOI

10.1016/j.cct.2022.107044

PMID

36473682

PMCID

PMC9721158

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

12-5-2022

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Published Open-Access

yes

Keywords

Humans, Child, COVID-19, Pandemics, Exercise, Costs and Cost Analysis, Telemedicine, Intervention cost, Budget planning, Active video game, Exergame, Physical activity, Child obesity

Abstract

Background: eHealth interventions using active video games (AVGs) offer an alternative method to help children exercise, especially during a pandemic where options are limited. There is limited data on costs associated with developing and implementing such interventions.

Objectives: We quantified the costs of delivering an eHealth RCT intervention among minority children during COVID-19.

Methods: We categorized the total trial cost into five subcategories: intervention material development, advertising and recruitment, intervention delivery, personnel salaries, and COVID-19-related equipment costs.

Results: The total RCT cost was $1,927,807 (Direct: $1,227,903; Indirect: $699,904) with three visits required for each participant. The average cost per participant completing the RCT (79 participants/237 visits) was $24,403 (Direct: $15,543; Indirect: $8860). Due to no-shows and cancellations (198 visits) and dropouts before study completion (61 visits; 56 participants), 496 visits had to be scheduled to ensure complete data collection on 79 participants. If all 496 visits were from participants completing the three-visit protocol, that would correspond to 165 participants, bringing the average cost per participant down to $11,684 (Direct: $7442; Indirect: $4242). Of the subcategories, intervention material development accounted for the largest portion, followed by personnel salaries. While the direct COVID-19-specific cost constituted <1% of the entire budget, the indirect effects were much larger and significantly impacted the trial.

Conclusion: RCTs typically involve significant resources, even more so during a pandemic. Future eHealth intervention investigators should budget and plan accordingly to prepare for unexpected costs such as recruitment challenges to increase flexibility while maximizing the intervention efficacy.