High-Fructose, High-Fat Diet Alters Muscle Composition and Fuel Utilization in a Juvenile Iberian Pig Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Authors

Heather C Spooner
Stefani A Derrick
Magdalena Maj
Rodrigo Manjarín
Gabriella V Hernandez
Deepali S Tailor
Parisa S Bastani
Rob K Fanter
Marta L Fiorotto
Douglas G Burrin
Michael R La Frano
Angelos K Sikalidis
Jason M Blank

Publication Date

11-23-2021

Journal

Nutrients

DOI

10.3390/nu13124195

PMID

34959747

PMCID

PMC8705774

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

11-23-2021

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Published Open-Access

yes

Keywords

Animals, Diet, Carbohydrate Loading, Diet, High-Fat, Diet, Western, Disease Models, Animal, Energy Metabolism, Fructose, Insulin Resistance, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Muscle, Skeletal, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha, Probiotics, Swine, Triglycerides, NAFLD, Iberian pig, fuel utilization, western diet, high-fructose diet, high-fat diet, muscle, pediatric, skeletal muscle, probiotics

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious metabolic condition affecting millions of people worldwide. A “Western-style diet” has been shown to induce pediatric NAFLD with the potential disruption of skeletal muscle composition and metabolism. To determine the in vivo effect of a “Western-style diet” on pediatric skeletal muscle fiber type and fuel utilization, 28 juvenile Iberian pigs were fed either a control diet (CON) or a high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFF), with or without probiotic supplementation, for 10 weeks. The HFF diets increased the total triacylglycerol content of muscle tissue but decreased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and the number of type I (slow oxidative) muscle fibers. HFF diets induced autophagy as assessed by LC3I and LC3II, and inflammation, as assessed by IL-1α. No differences in body composition were observed, and there was no change in insulin sensitivity, but HFF diets increased several plasma acylcarnitines and decreased expression of lipid oxidation regulators PGC1α and CPT1, suggesting disruption of skeletal muscle metabolism. Our results show that an HFF diet fed to juvenile Iberian pigs produces a less oxidative skeletal muscle phenotype, similar to a detraining effect, and reduces the capacity to use lipid as fuel, even in the absence of insulin resistance and obesity.