A Multi-institutional Prediction Model to Estimate the Risk of Recurrence and Mortality After Mastectomy for T1-2N1 Breast Cancer

Authors

Sarah M C Sittenfeld
Emily C Zabor
Sarah N Hamilton
Henry M Kuerer
Mahmoud El-Tamer
George E Naoum
Pauline T Truong
Alan Nichol
Benjamin D Smith
Wendy A Woodward
Tracy-Ann Moo
Simon N Powell
Chirag S Shah
Alphonse G Taghian
Ibrahim Abu-Gheida
Rahul D Tendulkar

Publication Date

8-15-2022

Journal

Cancer

Abstract

Background: Post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in women with pathologic stage T1-2N1M0 breast cancer is controversial.

Methods: Data from five North American institutions including women undergoing mastectomy without neoadjuvant therapy with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer treated from 2006 to 2015 were pooled for analysis. Competing-risks regression was performed to identify factors associated with locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis (DM), overall recurrence (OR), and breast cancer mortality (BCM).

Results: A total of 3532 patients were included for analysis with a median follow-up time among survivors of 6.8 years (interquartile range [IQR], 4.5-9.5 years). The 2154 (61%) patients who received PMRT had significantly more adverse risk factors than those patients not receiving PMRT: younger age, larger tumors, more positive lymph nodes, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular extension, and positive margins (p < .05 for all). On competing risk regression analysis, receipt of PMRT was significantly associated with a decreased risk of LRR (hazard ratio [HR], 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.31; p < .001) and OR (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62-0.94; p = .011). Model performance metrics for each end point showed good discrimination and calibration. An online prediction model to estimate predicted risks for each outcome based on individual patient and tumor characteristics was created from the model.

Conclusions: In a large multi-institutional cohort of patients, PMRT for T1-2N1 breast cancer was associated with a significant reduction in locoregional and overall recurrence after accounting for known prognostic factors. An online calculator was developed to aid in personalized decision-making regarding PMRT in this population.

Keywords

Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Lymph Nodes, Mastectomy, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Neoplasm Staging, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant, Retrospective Studies, T1-2N1 breast cancer, breast cancer, mastectomy, post-mastectomy radiation, risk prediction

DOI

10.1002/cncr.34352

PMID

35713598

PMCID

PMC9539507

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

6-17-2022

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Published Open-Access

yes