Stimulated Cytokine Production, Attachment, and Emotional Well-Being in Dementia Spousal Caregivers

Authors

• Daniel L Argueta
• Sarah Roberts
• Kelly N Brice
• E Lydia Wu-Chung
• Vincent D Lai
• Jensine Paoletti-Hatcher
• Bryan T Denny
• Charles Green
• Samantha Henry
• Luis D Medina
• Paul E Schulz
• Jennifer Stinson
• Cobi Heijnen
• Christopher P Fagundes

Language

English

Publication Date

2-1-2026

Journal

Health Psychology

DOI

10.1037/hea0001533

PMID

40673998

PMCID

PMC12333394

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

8-8-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

Background: Proinflammatory cytokine production may be related to poor emotional adjustment in dementia spousal caregivers. People who display attachment insecurity may be at increased risk for adverse caregiving experiences and poor psychosocial outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to understand whether proinflammatory cytokine production was associated with anticipatory grief, caregiver burden, and depressive symptoms and whether those relationships were stronger for caregivers higher on attachment anxiety or avoidance.

Method: A sample of 103 dementia spousal caregivers provided self-report data on demographics, health information, and psychosocial outcomes. We also determined lipopolysaccharide-induced whole-blood interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-10 production and combined these cytokines into a composite score.

Results: Higher cytokine production was associated with increased anticipatory grief and depressive symptoms. Proinflammatory cytokine production was only associated with anticipatory grief, caregiver burden, and depressive symptoms for those high on attachment anxiety or avoidance.

Discussion: Targeting individuals who display a proinflammatory phenotype and report attachment insecurity may be a key first step in preventing poor caregiving adjustment in dementia spousal caregivers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Keywords

Humans, Caregivers, Dementia, Male, Female, Object Attachment, Aged, Depression, Middle Aged, Spouses, Cytokines, Grief, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6

Published Open-Access

yes

Recommended Citation

Argueta, Daniel L; Roberts, Sarah; Brice, Kelly N; et al., "Stimulated Cytokine Production, Attachment, and Emotional Well-Being in Dementia Spousal Caregivers" (2026). Faculty, Staff and Student Publications. 4172.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthmed_docs/4172