Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Publication Date
10-1-2023
Journal
The Journal of Nutrition
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dairy consumption is related to chronic disease risk; however, the measurement of dairy consumption has largely relied upon self-report. Untargeted metabolomics allows for the identification of objective markers of dietary intake.
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify associations between dietary dairy intake (total dairy, low-fat dairy, and high-fat dairy) and serum metabolites in 2 independent study populations of United States adults.
METHODS: Dietary intake was assessed with food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate cross-sectional associations between dietary intake of dairy and 360 serum metabolites analyzed in 2 subgroups of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC; n = 3776). Results from the 2 subgroups were meta-analyzed using fixed effects meta-analysis. Significant meta-analyzed associations in the ARIC study were then tested in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS; n = 785).
RESULTS: In the ARIC study and BHS, the mean age was 54 and 48 years, 61% and 29% were Black, and the mean dairy intake was 1.7 and 1.3 servings/day, respectively. Twenty-nine significant associations between dietary intake of dairy and serum metabolites were identified in the ARIC study (total dairy, n = 14; low-fat dairy, n = 10; high-fat dairy, n = 5). Three associations were also significant in BHS: myristate (14:0) was associated with high-fat dairy, and pantothenate was associated with total dairy and low-fat dairy, but 23 of the 27 associations significant in the ARIC study and tested in BHS were not associated with dairy in BHS.
CONCLUSIONS: We identified metabolomic associations with dietary intake of dairy, including 3 associations found in 2 independent cohort studies. These results suggest that myristate (14:0) and pantothenate (vitamin B5) are candidate biomarkers of dairy consumption.
Keywords
Adult, Humans, United States, Cross-Sectional Studies, Myristates, Longitudinal Studies, Biomarkers, Atherosclerosis, Dairy Products, Risk Factors, Diet, dairy protein, dietary protein, high-fat dairy, low-fat dairy, metabolomics, nutrition
DOI
10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.001
PMID
37541543
PMCID
PMC10613758
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
8-3-2023
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Published Open-Access
yes
Included in
Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Commons, Public Health Education and Promotion Commons