Gastrointestinal Microbiome Disruption and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Children Receiving Antibiotic Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Authors

Jiye Kwon
Yong Kong
Martina Wade
Derek J Williams
Clarence Buddy Creech
Scott Evans
Emmanuel B Walter
Judy M Martin
Jeffrey S Gerber
Jason G Newland
Meghan E Hofto
Mary Allen Staat
Henry F Chambers
Vance G Fowler
W Charles Huskins
Melinda M Pettigrew

Publication Date

9-21-2022

Journal

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side effect of antibiotics. We examined the gastrointestinal microbiota in children treated with β-lactams for community-acquired pneumonia. Data were from 66 children (n = 198 samples), aged 6-71 months, enrolled in the SCOUT-CAP trial (NCT02891915). AAD was defined as ≥1 day of diarrhea. Stool samples were collected on study days 1, 6-10, and 19-25. Samples were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to identify associations between patient characteristics, microbiota characteristics, and AAD (yes/no). Nineteen (29%) children developed AAD. Microbiota compositional profiles differed between AAD groups (permutational multivariate analysis of variance, P < .03) and across visits (P < .001). Children with higher baseline relative abundances of 2 Bacteroides species were less likely to experience AAD. Higher baseline abundance of Lachnospiraceae and amino acid biosynthesis pathways were associated with AAD. Children in the AAD group experienced prolonged dysbiosis (P < .05). Specific gastrointestinal microbiota profiles are associated with AAD in children.

Keywords

antibiotic-associated diarrhea, microbiota, children, community-acquired pneumonia

Comments

Supplementary Materials

PMID: 35249113