Coronavirus Disease-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: A Risk Factor or a Risk Marker?

Authors

Jing Liu
Salim S Virani
Mahboob Alam
Ali E Denktas
Ihab Hamzeh
Umair Khalid

Publication Date

5-1-2021

Journal

Reviews in Medical Virology

DOI

10.1002/rmv.2172

PMID

32959951

PMCID

PMC7536956

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

9-22-2020

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Published Open-Access

yes

Keywords

Acute Coronary Syndrome, Antiviral Agents, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Biomarkers, COVID-19, Cardiac Catheterization, Comorbidity, Disease Management, Glucocorticoids, Heart Failure, Hospitalization, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Pandemics, Pericarditis, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2, Severity of Illness Index, Shock, Cardiogenic, Texas

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 causes the clinical syndrome of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) which has become a global pandemic resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. While the virus primarily affects the respiratory system, it also causes a wide variety of complex cardiac manifestations such as acute myopericarditis, acute coronary syndrome, congested heart failure, cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrhythmias. There are numerous proposed mechanisms of cardiac injury, including direct cellular injury, pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, myocardial oxygen-demand mismatch, and systemic inflammation causing multi-organ failure. Additionally, medications commonly used to treat COVID-19 patients have various cardiovascular side effects. We aim to provide a succinct review about the pathophysiology and cardiac manifestations of COVID-19, as well as treatment considerations and the various adaptations made to the current healthcare structure as a result of the pandemic.

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