Publication Date
1-26-2024
Journal
Nature Communications
DOI
10.1038/s41467-024-45141-1
PMID
38278841
PMCID
PMC10817939
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
1-26-2024
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-Print
Published Open-Access
yes
Keywords
Mice, Animals, Ubiquitination, Cell Line, RNA Viruses, Tripartite Motif Proteins, Immunity, Innate, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, DEAD Box Protein 58, Viral host response, RIG-I-like receptors, Viral infection, Pattern recognition receptors
Abstract
The Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) are the major viral RNA sensors essential for the initiation of antiviral immune responses. RLRs are subjected to stringent transcriptional and posttranslational regulations, of which ubiquitination is one of the most important. However, the role of ubiquitination in RLR transcription is unknown. Here, we screen 375 definite ubiquitin ligase knockout cell lines and identify Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3 Component N-Recognin 5 (UBR5) as a positive regulator of RLR transcription. UBR5 deficiency reduces antiviral immune responses to RNA viruses, while increases viral replication in primary cells and mice. Ubr5 knockout mice are more susceptible to lethal RNA virus infection than wild type littermates. Mechanistically, UBR5 mediates the Lysine 63-linked ubiquitination of Tripartite Motif Protein 28 (TRIM28), an epigenetic repressor of RLRs. This modification prevents intramolecular SUMOylation of TRIM28, thus disengages the TRIM28-imposed brake on RLR transcription. In sum, UBR5 enables rapid upregulation of RLR expression to boost antiviral immune responses by ubiquitinating and de-SUMOylating TRIM28.
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Allergy and Immunology Commons, Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity Commons, Diseases Commons, Epidemiology Commons
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