Publication Date
2-1-2023
Journal
Journal of Clinical Investigation
DOI
10.1172/JCI160456
PMID
36719382
PMCID
PMC9888393
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
2-1-2023
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-Print
Published Open-Access
yes
Keywords
Animals, Mice, B7-H1 Antigen, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Membrane, Immune Evasion, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Tumor Escape, Ubiquitination, Cell Biology, Oncology, Cancer, Cancer immunotherapy, Cellular immune response
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a critical immune checkpoint ligand, is a transmembrane protein synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum of tumor cells and transported to the plasma membrane to interact with programmed death 1 (PD-1) expressed on T cell surface. This interaction delivers coinhibitory signals to T cells, thereby suppressing their function and allowing evasion of antitumor immunity. Most companion or complementary diagnostic devices for assessing PD-L1 expression levels in tumor cells used in the clinic or in clinical trials require membranous staining. However, the mechanism driving PD-L1 translocation to the plasma membrane after de novo synthesis is poorly understood. Herein, we showed that mind bomb homolog 2 (MIB2) is required for PD-L1 transportation from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the plasma membrane of cancer cells. MIB2 deficiency led to fewer PD-L1 proteins on the tumor cell surface and promoted antitumor immunity in mice. Mechanistically, MIB2 catalyzed nonproteolytic K63-linked ubiquitination of PD-L1, facilitating PD-L1 trafficking through Ras-associated binding 8-mediated (RAB8-mediated) exocytosis from the TGN to the plasma membrane, where it bound PD-1 extrinsically to prevent tumor cell killing by T cells. Our findings demonstrate that nonproteolytic ubiquitination of PD-L1 by MIB2 is required for its transportation to the plasma membrane and tumor cell immune evasion.
Graphical Abstract
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