Publication Date
10-11-2024
Journal
ACS ES&T Engineering Journal
DOI
10.1021/acsestengg.4c00317
PMID
39416686
PMCID
PMC11474953
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
9-23-2024
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Published Open-Access
no
Keywords
electrified treatment, porous electrode, microbial control, neutron computed tomography, energy saving
Abstract
Electrocoagulation has attracted significant attention as an alternative to conventional chemical coagulation because it is capable of removing a wide range of contaminants and has several potential advantages. In contrast to most electrocoagulation research that has been performed with nonporous electrodes, in this study, we demonstrate energy-efficient iron electrocoagulation using porous electrodes. In batch operation, investigation of the external pore structures through optical microscopy suggested that a low porosity electrode with sparse connection between pores may lead to mechanical failure of the pore network during electrolysis, whereas a high porosity electrode is vulnerable to pore clogging. Electrodes with intermediate porosity, instead, only suffered a moderate surface deposition, leading to electrical energy savings of 21% and 36% in terms of electrocoagulant delivery and unit log virus reduction, respectively. Neutron computed tomography revealed the critical role of electrode porosity in utilizing the electrode’s internal surface for electrodissolution and effective delivery of electrocoagulant to the bulk. Energy savings of up to 88% in short-term operation were obtained with porous electrodes in a continuous flow-through system. Further investigation on the impact of current density and porosity in long-term operation is desired as well as the capital cost of porous electrodes.
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