Publication Date

5-1-2022

Journal

Nature Biotechnology

DOI

10.1038/s41587-021-01158-1

PMID

35132260

PMCID

PMC9117392

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

8-7-2022

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-Print

Published Open-Access

yes

Keywords

Genome, Human, Haplotypes, Humans, Sequence Analysis, DNA

Abstract

The repetitive nature and complexity of some medically relevant genes poses a challenge for their accurate analysis in a clinical setting. The Genome in a Bottle Consortium has provided variant benchmark sets, but these exclude nearly 400 medically relevant genes due to their repetitiveness or polymorphic complexity. Here, we characterize 273 of these 395 challenging autosomal genes using a haplotype-resolved whole-genome assembly. This curated benchmark reports over 17,000 single-nucleotide variations, 3,600 insertions and deletions and 200 structural variations each for human genome reference GRCh37 and GRCh38 across HG002. We show that false duplications in either GRCh37 or GRCh38 result in reference-specific, missed variants for short- and long-read technologies in medically relevant genes, including CBS, CRYAA and KCNE1. When masking these false duplications, variant recall can improve from 8% to 100%. Forming benchmarks from a haplotype-resolved whole-genome assembly may become a prototype for future benchmarks covering the whole genome.

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