Publication Date
1-1-2024
Journal
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
DOI
10.3233/JAD-240593
PMID
39121125
PMCID
PMC11619772
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
1-1-2025
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Author MSS
Published Open-Access
yes
Keywords
Humans, Disease Progression, Female, Male, Aged, Parkinson Disease, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Aged, 80 and over, Parkinsonian Disorders, Follow-Up Studies, Brain, Middle Aged, PD pathology, AD/ADRD pathologies, parkinsonism, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The interrelationship of parkinsonism, Parkinson's disease (PD) and other Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) pathologies is unclear.
OBJECTIVE: We examined the progression of parkinsonian signs in adults with and without parkinsonism, and their underlying brain pathologies.
METHODS: Annual parkinsonian signs were based on a modified Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. We used linear mixed effects models to compare the progression of parkinsonian signs in 3 groups categorized based on all available clinical evaluations: Group1 (never parkinsonism or clinical PD), Group2 (ever parkinsonism, but never clinical PD), Group3 (ever clinical PD). In decedents, we examined the progression of parkinsonian signs with PD and eight other AD/ADRD pathologies.
RESULTS: During average follow-up of 8 years, parkinsonian signs on average increased by 7.3% SD/year (N = 3,807). The progression of parkinsonian signs was slowest in Group1 (never parkinsonism or clinical PD), intermediate in Group2, and fastest in Group3. In decedents (n = 1,717) pathologic PD and cerebrovascular (CVD) pathologies were associated with a faster rate of progressive parkinsonian signs (all p values
CONCLUSIONS: Parkinsonism in old age is more commonly related to cerebrovascular pathologies relative to pathologic PD and only a minority manifest prodromal PD.
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