Publication Date
1-1-2024
Journal
Frontiers in Neuroscience
DOI
10.3389/fnins.2024.1371601
PMID
38650620
PMCID
PMC11033361
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
4-8-2024
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Published Open-Access
yes
Keywords
dystonia, Parkinson’s disease, botulinum toxin, blepharospasm, cervical dystonia
Abstract
Botulinum toxin is one of the most potent neurotoxins, but when injected into an overactive muscle, it can transiently alleviate an involuntary movement, such as dystonia. The primary aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the various forms of dystonia observed in patients with Parkinson's disease who can benefit from a therapeutic trial of botulinum toxin. Although most of these indications are not supported by randomized controlled clinical trials and, therefore, not approved by the Food and Drug Administration, there are many open-label trials supporting a large body of empirical experience testifying to the benefits of botulinum toxin treatment in these conditions.