Publication Date
2-17-2023
Journal
iScience
DOI
10.1016/j.isci.2023.105965
PMID
36824274
PMCID
PMC9941065
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
1-13-2023
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Published Open-Access
yes
Keywords
Molecular biology, Cell biology, Proteomics, Transcriptomics
Abstract
Despite the knowledge that protein translation and various metabolic reactions that create and sustain cellular life occur in the cytoplasm, the structural organization within the cytoplasm remains unclear. Recent models indicate that cytoplasm contains viscous fluid and elastic solid phases. We separated these viscous fluid and solid elastic compartments, which we call the cytosol and cytomatrix, respectively. The distinctive composition of the cytomatrix included structural proteins, ribosomes, and metabolome enzymes. High-throughput analysis revealed unique biosynthetic pathways within the cytomatrix. Enrichment of biosynthetic pathways in the cytomatrix indicated the presence of immobilized biocatalysis. Enzymatic immobilization and segregation can surmount spatial impediments, and the local pathway segregation may form cytoplasmic organelles. Protein translation was reprogrammed within the cytomatrix under the restriction of protein synthesis by drug treatment. The cytosol and cytomatrix are an elaborately interconnected network that promotes operational flexibility in healthy cells and the survival of malignant cells.
Graphical Abstract
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Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons, Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity Commons, Biology Commons, Medical Cell Biology Commons, Medical Molecular Biology Commons, Medical Specialties Commons
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