Publication Date
1-18-2025
Journal
Biomolecules
DOI
10.3390/biom15010145
PMID
39858539
PMCID
PMC11763836
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
1-18-2025
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Published Open-Access
no
Keywords
Animals, Mice, Ligands, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Endothelial Cells, Diabetic Retinopathy, Retinal Vessels, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Chromogranins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Male, Feasibility Studies, Humans, ligandomics, ex vivo ligandomics, in vivo ligandomics, Scg3, VEGF, ex vivo ligand binding assay
Abstract
We developed ligandomics for the in vivo profiling of vascular ligands in mice, discovering secretogranin III (Scg3) as a novel angiogenic factor that selectively binds to retinal vessels of diabetic but not healthy mice. This discovery led to the development of anti-Scg3 therapy for ocular vasculopathies. However, in vivo ligandomics requires intracardial perfusion to remove unbound phage clones, limiting its use to vascular endothelial cells (ECs). To extend ligandomics to non-vascular cells, we investigated ex vivo ligandomics. We isolated ECs and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from diabetic and healthy mouse retinas by immunopanning. We quantified the binding of clonal phages displaying Scg3 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), confirming that their binding patterns to isolated diabetic versus healthy ECs matched in vivo patterns. Additionally, Scg3 and VEGF binding to isolated RGCs reflected their in vivo activity. These results support the feasibility of ex vivo ligandomics. We further mapped ligands binding to immunopanned diabetic and healthy ECs and RGCs by ligandomics, confirming that Scg3 was enriched with selective binding to diabetic ECs but not healthy ECs or diabetic/healthy RGCs. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of ex vivo ligandomics, which can be broadly applied to various cell types, tissues, diseases, and species.