Language

English

Publication Date

6-1-2025

Journal

Nature Reviews Microbiology

DOI

10.1038/s41579-024-01144-9

PMID

39824927

PMCID

PMC12088900

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

6-1-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide in all age groups and cause significant disease and economic burden globally. To date, no approved vaccines or antiviral therapies are available to treat or prevent HuNoV illness. Several candidate vaccines are in clinical trials, although potential barriers to successful development must be overcome. Recently, significant advances have been made in understanding HuNoV biology owing to breakthroughs in virus cultivation using human intestinal tissue-derived organoid (or enteroid) cultures, advances in structural biology technology combined with epitope mapping and increased metagenomic sequencing. New and unexpected strain-specific differences in pandemic versus non-pandemic virus structures, replication properties and virus-host interactions, including host factors required for susceptibility to infection and pathogenesis, are discussed.

Keywords

Humans, Norovirus, Virus Replication, Caliciviridae Infections, Viral Vaccines, Gastroenteritis, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Vaccine Development

Published Open-Access

yes

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