Language

English

Publication Date

4-1-2025

Journal

European Heart Journal. Acute Cardiovascular Care

DOI

10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf024

PMID

39927987

PMCID

PMC11959185

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

2-10-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Background and aims: Enhanced inflammatory signalling causally contributes to atrial fibrillation (AF) development. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is an important downstream effector of several inflammasome pathways. However, the role of GSDMD, particularly the cleaved N-terminal (NT)-GSDMD, in non-immune cells remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the function of NT-GSDMD in atrial cardiomyocytes (ACMs) and determine its contribution to atrial arrhythmogenesis.

Methods: Human atrial appendages were used to assess the protein levels and localization. A modified adeno-associated virus 9 was employed to establish ACM-restricted overexpression of NT-GSDMD in mice.

Results: The cleavage of GSDMD was enhanced in ACMs of AF patients. Atrial cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of NT-GSDMD in mice increased susceptibility to pacing-induced AF. The NT-GSDMD pore formation facilitated interleukin-1β secretion from ACMs, promoting macrophage infiltration, while up-regulating 'endosomal sorting complexes required for transport'-mediated membrane-repair mechanisms, which prevented inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) in ACMs. Up-regulated NT-GSDMD directly targeted mitochondria, increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which triggered proarrhythmic calcium-release events. The NT-GSDMD-induced arrhythmogenesis was mitigated by the mitochondrial-specific antioxidant MitoTEMPO. A mutant NT-GSDMD lacking pore-formation capability failed to cause mitochondrial dysfunction or induce atrial arrhythmia. Genetic ablation of Gsdmd prevented spontaneous AF development in a mouse model.

Conclusions: These findings establish a unique pyroptosis-independent role of NT-GSDMD in ACMs and arrhythmogenesis, which involves ROS-driven mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial-targeted therapy, either by reducing ROS production or inhibition of GSDMD, prevents AF inducibility, positioning GSDMD as a novel therapeutic target for AF prevention.

Keywords

Aged, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Atrial Fibrillation, Case-Control Studies, Disease Models, Animal, Gasdermins, HEK293 Cells, Mice, Knockout, Mitochondria, Heart, Mitochondrial Diseases, Myocytes, Cardiac, Atrial Appendage, Phosphate-Binding Proteins, Atrial fibrillation, Gasdermin D, ESCRT, Mitochondria

Published Open-Access

yes

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