Language

English

Publication Date

12-1-2022

Journal

European Heart Journal Supplements

DOI

10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac124

PMID

36545230

PMCID

PMC9762876

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

12-19-2022

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have led to major changes in the treatment of patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) and these advances are included in the recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Failure Society of America (ACC/AHA/HFSA) guidelines issued in 2021 and 2022, respectively. According to both guidelines, treatment of patients with HFrEF is based on the administration of four classes of drugs that reduce the primary endpoint of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalizations in RCTs: angiotensin-converting enzyme or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Specific sequences of treatment are not recommended but emphasis is given to reaching treatment with all four drugs as early as possible. Further treatments are considered in selected patients including ivabradine, hydralazine nitrates, digoxin, and the new agent vericiguat. Specific treatments, mostly new, for cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities are also given. The aim of this article is to compare the two recent guidelines issued by the ESC and ACC/AHA/HFSA and show the few differences and the many consistent recommendations, now more numerous given the evidence available for many new treatments.

Keywords

Heart failure, HFrEF, ESC, ACC/AHA/HFSA, Guidelines, Comparison

Comments

This article has been corrected. See Eur Heart J Suppl. 2023 Feb 10;24(Suppl L):suad032.

Published Open-Access

yes

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