Language

English

Publication Date

7-1-2024

Journal

Nature Cardiovascular Research

DOI

10.1038/s44161-024-00496-y

PMID

39196179

PMCID

PMC12306366

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

7-29-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

Vascular remodeling to match arterial diameter to tissue requirements commonly fails in ischemic disease. Endothelial cells sense fluid shear stress (FSS) from blood flow to maintain FSS within a narrow range in healthy vessels. Thus, high FSS induces vessel outward remodeling, but mechanisms are poorly understood. We previously reported that Smad1/5 is maximally activated at physiological FSS. Smad1/5 limits Akt activation, suggesting that inhibiting Smad1/5 may facilitate outward remodeling. Here we report that high FSS suppresses Smad1/5 by elevating KLF2, which induces the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway inhibitor, BMP-binding endothelial regulator (BMPER), thereby de-inhibiting Akt. In mice, surgically induced high FSS elevated BMPER expression, inactivated Smad1/5 and induced vessel outward remodeling. Endothelial BMPER deletion impaired blood flow recovery and vascular remodeling. Blocking endothelial cell Smad1/5 activation with BMP9/10 blocking antibodies improved vascular remodeling in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Suppression of Smad1/5 is thus a potential therapeutic approach for ischemic disease.

Keywords

Animals, Smad5 Protein, Smad1 Protein, Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors, Vascular Remodeling, Humans, Stress, Mechanical, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Male, Endothelial Cells, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Mice, Knockout, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Cells, Cultured, Signal Transduction

Published Open-Access

yes

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