Language

English

Publication Date

1-1-2025

DOI

10.3389/frabi.2025.1570989

PMID

40475250

PMCID

PMC12140437

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

5-22-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Tuberculosis drug trials are primarily designed to identify antibiotic regimens with the strongest potency to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, microbiologic cure is not synonymous with improved health and recovery. Beyond antimicrobial efficacy, parameters such as morbidity and mortality related to lung function, cardiovascular health, and cancer should be prioritized. This narrative review emphasizes the critical need to emphasize clinical outcomes as much, if not more, than microbiological endpoints. We examine the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and determinants of non-microbiological outcomes in tuberculosis, providing a synthesis of current knowledge. While there is growing evidence for some biomarkers to risk stratify TB patients for risk of all-cause mortality, relapse, or lung damage, no evidence was found on TB-associated cancer or cardiovascular disease. In addition to monitoring microbiologic outcomes, clinical trials and treatment cohorts need to capture patient-centered health dimensions more broadly. Finally, we highlight key research gaps and opportunities to evaluate non-microbiological biomarkers, aiming to improve patient monitoring and enable stratified approaches to tuberculosis management.

Keywords

tuberculosis, biomarker, cardiovascular, sequelae, cancer

Published Open-Access

yes

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.