Publication Date

8-1-2025

Journal

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

DOI

10.1152/ajpcell.00028.2025

PMID

40549549

PMCID

PMC12515377

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

10-13-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

Pannexin 1 (Panx1) forms large-pore, single-membrane channels that connect the intracellular and extracellular environments, permitting the passage of ions and small molecules such as ATP. Panx1 channels are involved in diverse signaling pathways that contribute to various physiological processes, including sensory processing, although their precise mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. This study reveals a Panx1-mediated mechanism regulating visual signal processing in the amphibian retina. Using immunolabeling and confocal imaging, we localized Panx1 channels in the cone-dominated On-bipolar cells, specifically at both somas and axon terminals. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that these channels have high permeability to Cl⁻ ions, which can be blocked by 10Panx1 peptide, carbenoxolone, and mefloquine, all recognized as Panx1 inhibitors. Blocking Panx1 channels or reducing external Cl⁻ concentrations significantly increased bright light-induced delayed spontaneous excitatory responses in ganglion cells, indicating an inhibitory role of Panx1 channels at the bipolar cell synaptic release. These delayed spontaneous responses in ganglion cells, known as rebound currents, are associated with afterimage signals in the retina. Our findings suggest that Panx1 channels help prevent over-excitation associated with bright light-induced afterimage phenomena.

Keywords

Animals, Connexins, Retina, Retinal Bipolar Cells, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Signal Transduction, Xenopus laevis, Pannexin, retina, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, afterimages

Published Open-Access

yes

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