Language

English

Publication Date

9-24-2025

Journal

Children

DOI

10.3390/children12101293

PMID

41153476

PMCID

PMC12562828

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Pediatric heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with diverse etiologies and presentations. Primary care providers (PCPs) are critical in early recognition, family education, and coordination of ongoing care in collaboration with pediatric cardiologists. This review provides a comprehensive guide for PCPs to understand the causes, symptoms, treatments, and longitudinal considerations for children with HF.

Methods: We conducted a narrative review synthesizing published evidence and expert consensus guidelines, focusing on the clinical presentation, treatment options, and longitudinal care strategies in children with HF.

Results: HF in children most commonly results from congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy, but includes a wide range of etiologies. Presenting symptoms differ by age, with subtle signs often mistaken for common pediatric illnesses. Treatments range from disease-modifying medications to surgical and transplant therapies. Psychosocial support, mental health, and family-centered care are critical components of long-term management.

Conclusions: PCPs are essential partners in the care of children with HF. A proactive, collaborative, and informed approach can improve quality of life, reduce hospitalizations, and support families navigating this challenging diagnosis.

Keywords

pediatric heart failure, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, family-centered care, ventricular assist device, heart transplant, primary care pediatrics

Published Open-Access

yes

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