Language

English

Publication Date

3-19-2025

Journal

JACC: Case Reports

DOI

10.1016/j.jaccas.2024.102755

PMID

40118619

PMCID

PMC12011112

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

12-4-2024

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

The surgical management of patients with complex intracardiac connections, ventricular septal defect (VSD), and 2 adequately sized ventricles is challenging. Understanding the VSD anatomy and its spatial relationships with the outflow tracts is critical to determining the suitability for biventricular repair. Transthoracic 2-dimensional echocardiography (2D-echo) is the primary cardiac imaging tool in congenital heart disease. Transthoracic 3-dimensional echocardiography (3D-echo) has an additive role over 2D-echo in the definition of the potential baffle pathway from the VSD to the semilunar valves, the anatomical characteristics of the VSD, and any substrate for systemic outflow tract obstruction postrepair. In this paper, we describe 4 cases where transthoracic 3D-echo provided crucial delineation of the intracardiac connections and the VSD anatomy for surgical planning. We also describe our transthoracic 3D-echo protocol to evaluate these complex heart defects.

Keywords

3-dimensional imaging, congenital heart defect, double-outlet right ventricle, echocardiography, ventricular septal defect

Published Open-Access

yes

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