Language
English
Publication Date
12-1-2024
Journal
Diabetes Care
DOI
10.2337/dci24-0029
PMID
39250166
PMCID
PMC11655414
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
9-9-2024
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Abstract
Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease with increasing prevalence in relation to increased rates of obesity in children. It has genetic, epigenetic, social, and environmental determinants. Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is alarming given a rapidly progressive course compared with the course of adult-onset disease, early-onset vascular complications, and long-term exposure to hyperglycemia and associated complications. It is often preceded by prediabetes, a disease phase where defects in β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity emerge. Herein, we review the current understanding of the pathophysiology of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in youth. We describe the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance, the precipitous decline of β-cell function, and the role of other hormonal abnormalities in the pathogenesis of the disease. We discuss the critical importance of social determinants of health in the predisposition and progression of these conditions and present current management strategies and the advances in therapeutic approaches. These must adapt to meet the unique needs of the individual patient and family. Significant knowledge gaps remain that need to be addressed in future research.
Keywords
Humans, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Prediabetic State, Adolescent, Child, Insulin Resistance
Published Open-Access
yes
Recommended Citation
Bacha, Fida; Hannon, Tamara S; Tosur, Mustafa; et al., "Pathophysiology and Treatment of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Youth" (2024). Faculty and Staff Publications. 5771.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/baylor_docs/5771