Language
English
Publication Date
8-25-2025
Journal
Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
DOI
10.1177/19345798251371042
PMID
40852890
Abstract
Background
Most cases of respiratory distress in term neonates are due to transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), or air leak syndromes. Genetic surfactant deficiencies are rare causes of respiratory distress. Among these, mutations in the ABCA3 gene disrupt surfactant metabolism and can lead to severe, treatment-refractory respiratory failure. While commonly considered in preterm infants, surfactant dysfunction should also be considered in term infants with unexplained and persistent hypoxemia.Case
We present a case of a 38-weeks term female infant with fetal growth restriction who developed respiratory distress shortly after birth. She initially responded to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and surfactant but required escalating respiratory support and multiple re-doses of surfactant. Standard infectious and cardiopulmonary evaluations were unrevealing. Given her persistent oxygen requirement and small-for-gestational-age status, genetic testing was pursued. Whole genome sequencing identified bi-allelic pathogenic variants in the ABCA3 gene, consistent with pulmonary surfactant metabolism dysfunction type 3. Despite six doses of surfactant, antibiotics, and inhaled nitric oxide, the patient’s respiratory status deteriorated. Lung transplantation was not feasible due to size and clinical condition. The family elected to transition to comfort care.Conclusion
This case highlights the importance of considering genetic surfactant disorders, including ABCA3 mutations, in term neonates with refractory respiratory distress. Early genetic testing can guide management and avoid potentially harmful or ineffective interventions. While some therapies offer transient improvement, outcomes remain poor, and definitive treatment via lung transplantation is limited by size and disease progression. Future research should focus on gene-specific therapies and earlier diagnosis.Keywords
genetic lung disease, respiratory distress, surfactant deficiency
Published Open-Access
yes
Recommended Citation
Beverstock, Andrew M; Lee, Hillary C; McNeill, David S Moreno; et al., "Progressive Respiratory Failure in a Term Neonate With ABCA3 Surfactant Deficiency: Beyond the Common Causes of Respiratory Distress" (2025). Faculty and Staff Publications. 5953.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/baylor_docs/5953