Language

English

Publication Date

1-1-2023

Journal

Acta Biomaterialia

DOI

10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.014

PMID

36384222

PMCID

PMC9805529

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

1-1-2024

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

Extrusion bioprinted constructs for osteochondral tissue engineering were fabricated to study the effect of multi-material architecture on encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells’ tissue-specific matrix deposition and integration into an ex vivo porcine osteochondral explant model. Two extrusion fiber architecture groups with differing transition regions and degrees of bone- and cartilage-like bioink mixing were employed. The gradient fiber (G-Fib) architecture group showed an increase in chondral integration over time, 18.5 ± 0.7 kPa on Day 21 compared to 9.6 ± 1.6 kPa on Day 1 for the required peak push-out force, and the segmented fiber (S-Fib) architecture group did not, which corresponded to the increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycan deposition noted only in the G-Fib group and the staining for cellularity and tissue-specific matrix deposition at the fiber-defect boundary. Conversely, the S-Fib architecture was associated with significant mineralization over time, but the G-Fib architecture was not. Notably, both fiber groups also had similar chondral integration as a re-inserted osteochondral tissue control. While architecture did dictate differences in the cells’ responses to their environment, architecture was not shown to distinguish a statistically significant difference in tissue integration via fiber push-out testing within a given time point or explant region. Use of this three-week osteochondral model demonstrates that these bioink formulations support the fabrication of cell-laden constructs that integrate into explanted tissue as capably as natural tissue and encapsulate osteochondral matrix-producing cells, and it also highlights the important role that spatial architecture plays in the engineering of multi-phasic tissue environments.

Keywords

Swine, Humans, Animals, Tissue Scaffolds, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering, Biocompatible Materials, Cartilage, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Bioprinting, bioprinting, extrusion, multi-material, gradient, bioinks, osteochondral, hMSC, explant, tissue integration

Published Open-Access

yes

nihms-1849928-f0006.jpg (185 kB)
Graphical Abstract

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