Language

English

Publication Date

6-1-2025

Journal

Nature Reviews Immunology

DOI

10.1038/s41577-025-01130-z

PMID

39875604

PMCID

PMC12133415

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

12-1-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

Fate decisions during immune cell development require temporally precise changes in gene expression. Evidence suggests that the dynamic modulation of these changes is associated with the formation of diverse, membrane-less nucleoprotein assemblies that are termed biomolecular condensates. These condensates are thought to orchestrate fate-determining transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes by locally and transiently concentrating DNA or RNA molecules alongside their regulatory proteins. Findings have established a link between condensate formation and the gene regulatory networks that ensure the proper development of immune cells. Conversely, condensate dysregulation has been linked to impaired immune cell fates, including ageing and malignant transformation. This Review explores the putative mechanistic links between condensate assembly and the gene regulatory frameworks that govern normal and pathological development in the immune system.

Keywords

Humans, Animals, Biomolecular Condensates, Immune System, Cell Differentiation, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene Regulatory Networks

Published Open-Access

yes

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