Language

English

Publication Date

9-15-2024

Journal

The Journal of Experimental Biology

DOI

10.1242/jeb.247503

PMID

39155640

PMCID

PMC11449437

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

9-25-2024

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Understanding how internal states such as satiety are connected to animal behavior is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Hydra vulgaris, a freshwater cnidarian with only 12 neuronal cell types, serves as a tractable model system for studying state-dependent behaviors. We found that starved hydras consistently move towards light, while fed hydras do not. By modeling this behavior as a set of three sequences of head orientation, jump distance and jump rate, we demonstrate that the satiety state only affects the rate of the animal jumping to a new position, while the orientation and jump distance are unaffected. These findings yield insights into how internal states in a simple organism, Hydra, affect specific elements of a behavior, and offer general principles for studying the relationship between state-dependent behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms.

Keywords

Animals, Hydra, Phototaxis, Behavior, Animal, Satiety Response, Animal behavior modeling, Extraocular, Hydra vulgaris, Internal states, Phototaxis, Satiety dependency

Published Open-Access

yes

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