Language

English

Publication Date

7-13-2025

Journal

Biology of Reproduction

DOI

10.1093/biolre/ioaf069

PMID

40155198

PMCID

PMC12260502

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

3-28-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Spermatozoa acquire fertilizing competence during epididymal transit through proteolytic, chaperone-mediated, and post-translational modifications. Ovochymase 2, an epididymis-specific trypsin-like serine protease, has emerged as a central regulator of this maturation process. Here, we integrate targeted gene disruption, comprehensive proteomic profiling, and affinity-based proteome enrichment to delineate how Ovochymase 2 influences sperm functionality. Deletion of Ovochymase 2 disrupts the proteome of epididymal sperm, resulting in diminished levels of core fertility-related factors-including a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 3, β-defensins, and protease-inhibitor complexes-while inducing compensatory upregulation of alternate proteases and chaperones. Interaction assays confirm direct or indirect associations between Ovochymase 2 and sperm surface proteins critical for fertilization, highlighting its essential protease domain and the transient, and finely regulated nature of its substrates. Collectively, these findings position Ovochymase 2 as an orchestrator of sperm surface remodeling, with broad implications for fertility diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. By revealing a multifaceted network of Ovochymase 2-dependent pathways, this study provides a mechanistic framework for developing innovative strategies to counter idiopathic male infertility and to enhance male contraceptive design.

Keywords

Male, Epididymis, Animals, Sperm Maturation, Mice, Proteolysis, Spermatozoa

Published Open-Access

yes

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