Language

English

Publication Date

11-24-2025

Journal

npj Cardiovascular Health

DOI

10.1038/s44325-025-00093-3

PMID

41776261

PMCID

PMC12912323

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

11-24-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Heart failure is a complex condition caused by various etiologies that reduce cardiac output or increase cardiac pressures. It is classified by left ventricular ejection fraction, a key prognostic factor. New therapies, devices, and better management of secondary causes have improved outcomes. A recently identified group-those with heart failure and improved ejection fraction-shows better prognosis. This review explores its definition, causes, clinical significance, and management strategies.

Keywords

Cardiology, Cardiovascular biology, Heart failure

Published Open-Access

yes

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