Language

English

Publication Date

1-22-2026

Journal

Nature Communications

DOI

10.1038/s41467-026-68810-9

PMID

41571679

PMCID

PMC12953888

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

1-22-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Age is a major risk factor for lung disease. We characterized the changing cellular, transcriptional, and genomic landscape of human lung aging using single-cell RNA sequencing. We find that lung aging is cell-type dyssynchronous, with alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells exhibiting the greatest transcriptional changes. Among alveolar epithelial cells, aging is associated with a decreased relative proportion of surfactant-expressing SPChigh AT2 cells. Among alveolar capillary cells, we observed loss of differentiation and capillary function. Analysis of somatic mutations called from single-cell data revealed an increase with aging, with alveolar epithelial and endothelial cell types exhibiting greater mutation burdens. Transcriptional entropy was increased with aging and was an independent predictor of age. Notably, cells expressing commonly accepted senescence signatures did not increase with age. Our results reveal cell type dyssynchrony in human lung aging with age-related changes concentrated in alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells.

Keywords

Humans, Aging, Lung, Endothelial Cells, Single-Cell Analysis, Alveolar Epithelial Cells, Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis, Entropy, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Mutation, Male, Adult, Cellular Senescence, Transcription, Genetic, Next-generation sequencing, Transcriptomics, Respiration, Information theory, Genomic instability

Published Open-Access

yes

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.