Language

English

Publication Date

1-1-2025

Journal

FEBS Letters

DOI

10.1002/1873-3468.15063

PMID

39582266

PMCID

PMC13296718

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

6-26-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

DNA replication and RNA transcription processes compete for the same DNA template and, thus, frequently collide. These transcription-replication collisions are thought to lead to genomic instability, which places a selective pressure on organisms to avoid them. Here, we review the predisposing causes, molecular mechanisms, and downstream consequences of transcription-replication collisions (TRCs) with a strong emphasis on prokaryotic model systems, before contrasting prokaryotic findings with cases in eukaryotic systems. Current research points to genomic structure as the primary determinant of steady-state TRC levels and RNA polymerase regulation as the primary inducer of excess TRCs. We review the proposed mechanisms of TRC-induced DNA damage, attempting to clarify their mechanistic requirements. Finally, we discuss what drives genomes to select against TRCs.

Keywords

DNA Damage, DNA Replication, Transcription, Genetic, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Humans, Genomic Instability, DNA repair, DNA replication, mutagenesis, replisome, RNA transcription, RNAP backtracking, transcription–replication collision

Published Open-Access

yes

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