Language

English

Publication Date

1-23-2026

Journal

Nature Communications

DOI

10.1038/s41467-026-68284-9

PMID

41577671

PMCID

PMC12902031

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

1-23-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

SF3B1 is an essential and ubiquitous splicing factor that plays a pivotal role in the early steps of pre-mRNA splicing. Recurrent somatic missense mutations in SF3B1 are frequent in cancers, but no constitutional variant has been reported so far. We describe here a cohort of 26 individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, harbouring SF3B1 constitutional heterozygous variants that appeared mostly de novo. Patients present with a global developmental delay, associated with variable neurological and facial dysmorphic traits. A dichotomy may emerge between patients harbouring predicted loss of function (n = 9) and missense variants (n = 17), the latter being associated with a more severe and syndromic phenotype, including heart and gastrointestinal anomalies. We focused on de novo SF3B1 missense variants, which were largely distinct from those reported in cancer. Functional complementation assays show that de novo SF3B1 missense variants did not cause a loss of function of the protein. Targeted and genome-wide analysis of RNA splicing reveal that they affect canonical and alternative splicing more moderately than somatic variants, and subtly modify the splicing of many transcripts. These findings place SF3B1 among the rare U2 snRNP components implicated in both cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders, highlighting its critical and multifaceted role in human disease.

Keywords

Humans, RNA Splicing Factors, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Male, Female, Mutation, Missense, Phosphoproteins, Alternative Splicing, Child, Ribonucleoprotein, U2 Small Nuclear, Child, Preschool, RNA Splicing, Adolescent, Phenotype, Infant, RNA splicing, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Disease genetics, Transcriptomics, Genetics research

Published Open-Access

yes

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