Language
English
Publication Date
12-19-2025
Journal
BMC Nutrition
DOI
10.1186/s40795-025-01222-y
PMID
41420244
PMCID
PMC12838468
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
12-19-2025
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Abstract
Background
Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation, increasing chronic disease risk. Carotenoids possess anti-inflammatory properties, yet the short-term impact of carotenoid-rich juice intake on inflammation in individuals with obesity remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to examine: (1) participant adherence to a 3-week lycopene-rich juice intervention; (2) variance and effect sizes of responses to the dietary intervention; (3) changes in skin and plasma carotenoids, and inflammatory markers among adults with obesity.
Methods
Twenty-five participants with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 were recruited and completed the study. Participants drank 4 ounces (118.3 mL) of study-provided tomato juice, providing 8400 µg lycopene daily, for 3 weeks. Participants were asked to keep their diets isocaloric and to continue with the habitual diet. Skin and plasma carotenoids were measured at baseline and at 3-weeks, using reflection spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Thirteen inflammatory markers and C-reactive protein were quantified, and 3-week changes were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.
Results
Mean age was 38.6 (10.7) years and mean BMI was 35.9 (4.1) kg/m2. Ten participants drank 83–99% and 15 participants drank 100% of the juice assigned. Effect sizes for inflammatory markers ranged from Cohen’s d = 0.07 to d = 0.57. There was a significant 3-week increase in plasma lycopene concentrations (9.72 (-1.04, 14.1) µg/dL, p = 0.029), but not in concentrations of other plasma carotenoids (p > 0.273). There was no change in skin carotenoid scores (p = 0.592); however, there was a reduction in IL-1β, TNF-⍺, IL-6, IL-17 A, IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-33 out of 13 inflammatory markers tested (p < 0.037).
Conclusions
A 3-week lycopene rich juice intervention was associated with an increase in plasma lycopene and a reduction in inflammatory markers. There was not an increase in skin carotenoid scores. More research is needed to further understand the mechanisms by which carotenoid intake can influence inflammation among adults with obesity.
Keywords
Skin carotenoids, Plasma carotenoids, Inflammatory markers, Obesity, Nutrition
Published Open-Access
yes
Recommended Citation
Jilcott Pitts, Stephanie B; Wu, Qiang; Laska, Melissa N; et al., "Daily Intake of a Lycopene-Rich Juice Is Associated With Reductions in Inflammatory Markers but Not Increases in Skin Carotenoids in a Pilot Study Among Participants With Obesity" (2025). Faculty, Staff and Students Publications. 7591.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/baylor_docs/7591