Authors

Language

English

Publication Date

6-4-2026

Journal

Educational and Psychological Measurement

DOI

10.1177/00131644261451487

PMID

42256210

PMCID

PMC13236714

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

6-4-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Multivariate assessment profiles contain two conceptually distinct sources of variation: overall level and profile shape. Existing approaches recover some aspects of this structure, but none jointly establishes the replicability of latent pattern dimensions and provides a principled, population-referenced summary of person profile differentiation independent of overall level. We introduce the Aggregated Latent Profile Index (ALPI), a variance-weighted Euclidean distance that quantifies the degree to which an individual’s profile departs from a flat population reference within a bootstrap-validated latent profile space. ALPI is derived from the Aggregated Latent Profile Space (ALPS), a framework that combines parallel analysis with bootstrap stability diagnostics – principal angles between subspaces and Tucker’s congruence coefficients – to identify replicable latent pattern dimensions, then assembles the retained dimensions into a K-dimensional latent space through singular value decomposition, into which individuals and variables are jointly projected. In a simulation benchmark, ALPS recovered the known four-factor population structure as three replicable ipsatized pattern dimensions, confirming that the pipeline performs as intended when the true structure is known. In an application to normative WAIS–IV data (n = 900), ALPS identified a stable three-dimensional pattern space, and ALPI distinguished individuals with identical Full-Scale IQ – ranging from the 7th to the 85th percentile – on the basis of their ipsatized subtest configurations. ALPI provides assessment researchers and clinicians with a single, measurement-principled index of person profile differentiation that is grounded in replicable latent structure and independent of overall score level.

Keywords

Aggregated Latent Profile Index (ALPI), bootstrap stability, person profile measurement

Published Open-Access

yes

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