Language
English
Publication Date
8-29-2025
Journal
European Journal of Endocrinology
DOI
10.1093/ejendo/lvaf184
PMID
40924856
PMCID
PMC12455730
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
9-9-2025
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to identify social/metabolic risk factors associated with subsequent diagnosis of adrenal adenoma.
Design: The design is a population-based historical case-control study.
Methods: Cases were adult patients diagnosed with an adrenal adenoma between 2005 and 2017 with no overt hormone excess. Controls were age- and sex-matched individuals with (1) no diagnosis of adrenal adenoma and (2) no diagnosis of adrenal adenoma with cross-sectional imaging of the chest/abdomen performed within 5 years prior to index date. The frequency of various social/metabolic risk factors present 5-10 years prior to index date and odds ratios (ORs) for adrenal adenoma diagnosis were reported.
Results: Six hundred seventy cases identified (median age 63 years old, 56% women). During the 5-10 years prior to index date, patients with adrenal adenomas had higher prevalence of obesity (56.7% vs 49.3%, P = .007), low socioeconomic status (36.7% vs 31.1%, P = .039), tobacco use (70.2% vs 61.4%, P = .001), and diabetes (17.5% vs 11.7%, P = .003) compared to controls with prior imaging. No difference in prevalence of hypertension, substance use, chronic kidney disease, or combined cardiovascular events was observed. Based on a multivariable analysis, increased body mass index (BMI) and tobacco use were associated with increased odds of adrenal adenoma diagnosis with ORs 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.32) and 1.41 (95% CI 1.06-1.87), respectively.
Conclusions: Compared to controls with prior imaging, patients with adrenal adenoma had higher prevalence of obesity, low socioeconomic status, tobacco use, and diabetes 5-10 years prior to index date. In particular, increased BMI and tobacco use were independent risk factors associated with increased odds of adrenal adenoma diagnosis.
Keywords
Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Male, Case-Control Studies, Aged, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Adenoma, Adult, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Prevalence, adrenal adenoma, incidentaloma, risk factor, metabolic, social determinants
Published Open-Access
yes
Recommended Citation
Han, Ashley J; Achenbach, Sara J; Atkinson, Elizabeth J; et al., "Identifying Factors Associated With Subsequent Diagnosis of Adrenal Adenoma: A Population-Based Historical Case-Control Study" (2025). Faculty, Staff and Students Publications. 8410.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/baylor_docs/8410