Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Language

English

Publication Date

1-18-2025

Journal

Genes

DOI

10.3390/genes16010098

PMID

39858645

PMCID

PMC11764800

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

1-18-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Objective: Coronary atherosclerosis (CAD) is characterized by arterial intima lipid deposition, chronic inflammation, and fibrous tissue proliferation, leading to arterial wall thickening and lumen narrowing. As the primary cause of coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndrome, CAD significantly impacts global health. Recent genetic studies have demonstrated CAD's polygenic and multifactorial nature, providing molecular insights for early diagnosis and risk assessment. This review analyzes recent advances in CAD-related genetic markers and evaluates their diagnostic potential, focusing on their applications in diagnosis and risk stratification within precision medicine.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of CAD genomic studies from PubMed and Web of Science databases, analyzing findings from genome-wide association studies (GWASs), gene sequencing, transcriptomics, and epigenomics research.

Results: GWASs and sequencing studies have identified key genetic variations associated with CAD, including JCAD/KIAA1462, GUCY1A3, PCSK9, and SORT1, which regulate inflammation, lipid metabolism, and vascular function. Transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses have revealed disease-specific gene expression patterns, DNA methylation signatures, and regulatory non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs), providing new approaches for early detection.

Conclusions: While genetic marker research in CAD has advanced significantly, clinical implementation faces challenges including marker dynamics, a lack of standardization, and integration with conventional diagnostics. Future research should prioritize developing standardized guidelines, conducting large-scale prospective studies, and enhancing multi-omics data integration to advance genomic diagnostics in CAD, ultimately improving patient outcomes through precision medicine.

Keywords

Humans, Coronary Artery Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genomics, Genetic Markers, Translational Research, Biomedical, Biomarkers, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Epigenomics, coronary atherosclerosis, genomics, gene markers, genome-wide association study, transcriptomics, epigenomics, precision medicine, early diagnosis

Published Open-Access

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