Publication Date
6-1-2018
Journal
The Texas Heart Journal
DOI
10.14503/THIJ-17-6300
PMID
30072848
Publication Date(s)
June 2018
Language
English
PMCID
PMC6059506
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
6-1-2018
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-Print
Published Open-Access
yes
Keywords
Bacterial infections/complications, cardiac pacing, artificial/adverse effects, cardiovascular surgical procedures/instrumentation, infection/epidemiology, odds ratio, outcome assessment (health care), prosthesis-related infections/complications/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control, retrospective studies, risk factors, time factors
Copyright
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Infection is an important complication of cardiac implantable electronic device procedures. To further study the factors associated with infection, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 3,205 consecutive patients who had undergone de novo or revision cardiac electronic device implantation at our institution from March 2011 through March 2015. We recorded all infections and specified whether they were related to the characteristics of the patient, device, or procedure. To identify predictors of infection, we performed multivariate analysis.
Device infections were identified in 85 patients (2.7%), at a mean follow-up time of 27 ± 11 months. The main predictors of device infection were use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator device (odds ratio [OR]=16; 95% CI, 4.14–61.85; P=0.0001), stage 3 chronic kidney disease (OR=9.41; 95% CI, 1.77–50.04; P=0.009), a revision procedure (OR=8.8; 95% CI, 3.37–23.2; P=0.0001), or postoperative hematoma (OR=6.9; 95% CI, 1.58–30.2; P=0.01). We also identified 2 novel predictors of infection: a low body mass index of <20 kg/m2 (OR=1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.06; P=0.005), and use of povidone-iodine rather than chlorhexidine-alcohol for topical antisepsis (OR=4.4; 95% CI, 2.01–9.4; P=0.03).
We conclude that comorbidities, device characteristics, procedure types, and postoperative noninfective complications all increase the risk of device infection after a cardiac implantable electronic device procedure.