Artificial Accelerated Aging and Red Wine Staining on Color Stability in Dental Composites

Authors

Language

English

Publication Date

3-27-2026

Journal

BMC Oral Healt

DOI

41896827

PMID

PMC13036960

PMCID

PMC13036960

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

3-27-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Background

The resistance of composite resins to discoloration, staining, and aging is essential for preserving both the aesthetic quality and long-term durability of dental restorations.

Objective

The study aims to evaluate the effects of artificial accelerated aging (AAA) and red wine staining on the color stability of resin composites.

Methods

A2 color disc-shaped specimens (10-mm in diameter, 2-mm thick, n = 5) of 3 resin composites: G-aenial Universal Injectable (GC Corp, Japan), G-aenial A’CHORD (GC Corp, Japan), G-aenial Anterior (GC Corp, Japan), were polymerized using a curing light through a Mylar strip and a 1-mm glass slide for 40 s. Specimens were polished using PoGO disk-shaped polishers (PoGo, Dentsply) for 40 s. Each composite group was randomly distributed into two groups according to the artificial accelerated aging (SUNTEST XXL, Atlas Material Testing Technology) or red wine staining (n = 5). A spectrophotometer (X-Rite Ci7600 Series, Xrite) was used for color measurements at baseline and after AAA and red wine staining. CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00) were calculated. Generalized Linear Models and Post hoc Modified Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis (p <  0.05). In addition, a 50:50% acceptability threshold of ΔE00=1.8 was used in the result interpretation.

Results

A discoloration was observed in all tested composites; however, the rate of color change (∆E00) in all groups, except for G-aenial Universal Injectable applied to AAA, exceeded the acceptable threshold. The immersion of G-aenial Anterior in red wine resulted in the highest levels of discoloration. Statistically significant differences were observed between G-aenial Universal Injectable and G-aenial A’CHORD in AAA, as well as between G-aenial Anterior and G-aenial A’CHORD. In terms of color change, G-aenial A’CHORD in AAA exceeded those of G-aenial Universal Injectable, and G-aenial anterior in red wine surpassed those of G-aenial A’CHORD.

Conclusions

Color stability depends on the composite type and the procedures of red wine staining and AAA. Discoloration was observed in all tested composites. The sole composite demonstrating an acceptable color change was G-aenial Universal Injectable in AAA.

Keywords

Composite Resins, Wine, Color, Materials Testing, Time Factors, Spectrophotometry, Polymerization, Dental Materials, Artificial aging, Red wine, Color change, Color stability, Composite resin

Published Open-Access

yes

Recommended Citation

, "Artificial Accelerated Aging and Red Wine Staining on Color Stability in Dental Composites" (2026). Faculty, Staff and Student Publications. 184.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthdb_docs/184