Temporomandibular Joint Ganglion Cyst Causing Dynamic External Auditory Canal Obstruction and Position-Dependent Hearing Loss: A Case Report and Literature Review

Authors

Language

English

Publication Date

5-19-2026

Journal

Life

DOI

10.3390/life16050839

PMID

42195394

PMCID

PMC13208540

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

5-19-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Purpose: Ganglion cysts of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are uncommon periarticular lesions and may be diagnostically challenging because symptoms are often nonspecific. When these lesions arise posterior to the joint, they can produce otologic complaints through dynamic narrowing of the external auditory canal (EAC). Herein, we report on a histologically confirmed TMJ ganglion cyst causing position-dependent hearing loss and review the relevant literature.

Case description: A 72-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of bilateral preauricular pain, left-sided tinnitus, left aural fullness, and near-complete hearing loss in the left ear when the mandible was closed in occlusion. Clinical examination showed marked narrowing of the left EAC with mandibular closure. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated bilateral anterior disc displacement with reduction and a posterior meniscal cyst associated with the left TMJ. The lesion was excised using a preauricular approach.

Results: Intraoperatively, the cyst was adherent to the posterior aspect of the TMJ disc and retrodiscal tissues and was noted to obstruct the EAC in the closed-mouth position. Gross examination showed a cystic structure measuring 2.4 × 2.1 × 1.0 cm which contained gelatinous material, while histopathology confirmed that the structure was a ganglion cyst. The patient's hearing improved substantially by 4 months after surgery and had returned to normal 2 years later, with no clinical evidence of recurrence.

Conclusions: Posterior TMJ ganglion cysts should be considered in patients with fluctuating otologic symptoms that vary with mandibular movement. MRI is valuable for diagnosis and surgical planning, and open excision can provide durable symptom resolution.

Keywords

temporomandibular joint, ganglion cyst, synovial cyst, external auditory canal obstruction, hearing loss, MRI, case report

Published Open-Access

yes

Recommended Citation

, "Temporomandibular Joint Ganglion Cyst Causing Dynamic External Auditory Canal Obstruction and Position-Dependent Hearing Loss: A Case Report and Literature Review" (2026). Faculty, Staff and Student Publications. 204.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthdb_docs/204